Ethan Babcock
Publication: Politicalcartoons.com Date: 3/9/16
Cartoonist: Dave Granlund U.S.
Title: "Bernie 2016 and polls"
Cartoon #1
Tone of the cartoon:
1) positive framing of the issue
2) framing is supportive of supporters
3) framing is opposed to opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
Bernie Sanders is old. In the cartoon, he is sitting up on a morgue examination bed while feeling his pulse. He is saying that “he still has a pulse,” and that “it is always wise to get a second opinion." Although Bernie appears old and dying since he’s in a morgue, his words prove his desire to keep going.
Analysis and Context:
This cartoon is an example of theme labeling. By the sign hanging on the wall, it is clear that Sanders has been sent to the “political morgue.” However, a tag dangling from his toe says “Bernie 2016” and denotes that he seems to be fighting to keep going. A theme label that has been consistently slapped on Sanders during this presidential election is the theme of old and dying. However based on this cartoon and recent debates, he seems to doing awfully well moving forward, old man or not.
On the date of this cartoon, Bernie and Hillary, the Democratic candidates had a very heated debate in Florida (Healy & Chozick, 2016). The debate focused on immigration, healthcare and much more. The heated debate reached out to the specific demographics by each canidate; Hillary reaching out towards the immigrants looking to establish themselves in America whereas Sanders focused on the groups of young adults and liberal folk. The point to the matter is, as shown in the cartoon above; Sanders has an opinion and a strong force backing him. Although the idea of Clinton sweeping the nomination once existed, Sanders had begun to pick up steam in recent weeks and has put himself in a far more dangerous position than Clinton would have liked (Livio, 2016). Granlund’s cartoon depicts not only the old geezer themed label surrounding Senetor Sanders however the fact that he is in fact alive and giving his opinion on serious issues across the country. Sanders is far from kicking the bucket at the morgue’s, he’s excited to keep going.
"Sanders Walking by Hillary"
Ethan Babcock
Publication: CagleCartoons.com Date: 1/22/2016
Cartoonist: Daryl Cagle U.S.
Title: "Bernie Sanders Pulls Ahead of Hillary"
Tone of the cartoon:
1) positive framing of the issue
2) framing is supportive to supporters
3) framing is opposed to opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
Bernie Sanders is old, but on a roll. According to the comic, Sanders, who apparently should be in second place due to the number wrapped around him, is cruising right along past none other than Hillary Clinton. Clinton however, not only has fallen behind even with a number one wrapped around her, but is also carrying several luggage bags and briefcases. The context ties into pre-election ideas that Hillary was sure in to win, however as the race has started and continued, Sanders is making a blazing attempt to take over, tennis ball-walker and all.
Analysis and Context:
Tone of the cartoon:
1) positive framing of the issue
2) framing is supportive to supporters
3) framing is opposed to opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
In this cartoon, Bernie and Clinton are continuing the race for the Democratic Party nomination. However they both have different means for moving along. Hillary is struggling to keep pace with Sanders due to a huge person on her back with the title “Wall Street” etched on his suit pant. Bernie on the other hand, is fighting the label of being an old man by cruising about with his walker for support screaming “Free stuff!” Quite frequently, Sanders gets discriminated for his age. The walker is a symbol of his age and by what means he is able to get around. However other symbolism targets Hillary with the seeminglessly endless issues with Wall Street literally and figuratively on her back. She is questioning why is it that she cannot catch Sanders, and the viewer is primed to believe that it is due to her past issues and hassles.
Analysis and Context:
Bernie Sanders is an older man. That much is clear. However this cartoon frames him as capable to move on regardless of the themes that surround him. As Sanders rolls about, he is screaming “Free Stuff!” which puts another frame over him. What he’s screaming are value-laden words that work to get the readers to agree with what he is saying. But if that wasn’t enough to think Bernie is the candidate for you, Darkow also drops another framing aspect in Hillary close behind Bernie. The viewer is primed to think Hillary has way too much on her shoulders to handle such a job as being President. Her past follows her everywhere she goes. She speaks to herself and possibly Mr. Wall Street hanging on her shoulders, wondering why she cannot catch Senator Sanders. It is plain to see that one has support, even if it is just a walker; and the other not only doesn’t have support but is carrying a heavy load.
Since starting his run for nominee, Sanders has faced several issues, one being exactly what is found in this comic, the issue of “Free stuff” (Johnson, 2016). If Bernie were to give out everything he has promised for free, it would cost billions even trillions of dollars, although most people don’t pay attention to that tiny detail. It is easy to see how the old man with a walker can cruise ahead of struggling Clinton based on value-laden words. Who wouldn’t vote for free stuff? Whereas Hillary has become consumed by a fat man on top of her. Bernie has stated that what’s most important is for people to fight back together, but the idea of free stuff seems to be running his campaign.
But let us not forget about the elephant in the room, or I suppose more like the woman carrying an elephant sized man in the room. According to the Huffington Post, Clinton has had to speak over her fees and campaign contributions regarding Wall Street in nearly every speech, debate or interview (Miller, 2016). The people noticed this issue and exploited it. So in the cartoon when she asks why she cannot catch the old man on a walker, her issues with Wall Street become quite apparent.
It’s hard not to notice the issues that the candidates have going against them. And however well, Darkow drew out Bernie scampering away in first place, it’s interesting enough to point out his flaw as well with all the free stuff being promised. Hillary can barely stand without being crushed and thus as well as Sanders, has some hurdles to jump over. At quick glance, this cartoon could be pro Bernie, but upon reading and researching, it could be left unsaid to who is in the lead.
Beeler, N. (2015, December 14). Dem Wars. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={AC68F53A-1549-4A39-B269-681CE91C8669}
Bennett, A. (2016, January 22). Democratic Polls for Jan. 22: State of the Race in Iowa & New Hampshire. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://heavy.com/news/2016/01/democratic-polls-for-jan-22-state-of-the-race-in-iowa-new-hampshire/
Blake, A. (2016, February 9). Hillary Clinton just lost New Hampshire. Don’t assume she’ll win the next state, either. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/02/09/things-could-get-worse-before-they-get-better-for-clinton-post-new-hampshire/
Cagle, D. (2016, January 2016). Bernie Sanders Pulls Ahead of Hillary. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={EE3EA5A2-E312-4611-A06D-B61563EAC791}
Darkow, J. (2016, February 12). He Ain’t Heavy He’s My Broker. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={0740ED26-888F-42B1-B8CA-D045729B035A}
Fernholz, T. (2015, December 11). Martin O’Malley is the first 2016 presidential candidate to literally stand with Muslims. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://qz.com/572025/martin-omalley-is-the-first-2016-presidential-candidate-to-literally-stand-with-muslims/
Granlund, D. (2016, March 9). Bernie 2016 and Polls. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={9793BF36-C58F-4384-9C7B-A5C3E5FFC1E6}
Hanley, B. (2015, December 21). 10 Ways Bernie Sanders Dominated in December. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brian-hanley/10-ways-bernie-sanders-do_b_8850824.html
Healy, P., & Chozick, A. (2016, March 09). In Democratic Debate, Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders Clash on Immigration. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/10/us/politics/democratic-debate.html?_r=0
Johnson, D. (2016, February 12). Is Bernie Sanders Promising 'Free Stuff' to Buy Votes? Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dave-johnson/is-bernie-sanders-promisi_b_9222644.html
Livio, S. K. (2016, March 6). Poll: Who won the CNN Democratic presidential debate (3/6/16)? How did Clinton, Sanders do? Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/03/poll_who_won_the_democratic_presidential_debate_36.html
Martin, J., & Chozick, A. (2015, December 19). In Democratic Debate, Hillary Clinton’s Focus Is on G.O.P. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/20/us/politics/democratic-debate.html
Miller, L. (2016, February 29). Elizabeth Warren Highlights Key Weakness in Clinton's Wall Street Donation Defense. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/liam-miller/elizabeth-warren-hillary-clinton_b_9346302.html
Miller, O. (2013, March 12). 100 Quotes From ‘Star Wars,’ In Order Of Awesomeness. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://thoughtcatalog.com/oliver-miller/2013/03/100-quotes-from-star-wars-in-order-of-awesomeness/
Cartoonist: Daryl Cagle U.S.
Title: "Bernie Sanders Pulls Ahead of Hillary"
Cartoon #2
Tone of the cartoon:
1) positive framing of the issue
2) framing is supportive to supporters
3) framing is opposed to opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
Bernie Sanders is old, but on a roll. According to the comic, Sanders, who apparently should be in second place due to the number wrapped around him, is cruising right along past none other than Hillary Clinton. Clinton however, not only has fallen behind even with a number one wrapped around her, but is also carrying several luggage bags and briefcases. The context ties into pre-election ideas that Hillary was sure in to win, however as the race has started and continued, Sanders is making a blazing attempt to take over, tennis ball-walker and all.
Analysis and Context:
If the cartoonist wanted anyone to believe that Bernie is not dying but is in fact running with all he can muster to get the Democratic nomination, then the cartoonist has done a splendid job. He has primed anyone to glance over this comic to think that Sanders is making a dash for first. Done away are the themes of old man, and up and coming are the ideas that Sanders can in fact scamper into first place. However, a priming frame possibly less noticed is that of Clinton struggling to keep up. Her baffled look and aching back not only helps Sander’s case for sprinting ahead, but also continues the idea that Clinton has many secrets and baggage to make it to the final election.
As the presidential primaries began in late January, the heated competition between Sanders and Clinton has only gotten more intense. In the months prior, both Hillary and Sanders had specific themes built around their election strategies. Hillary was the woman with lots of baggage based on secrets and past issues, whereas Sanders was the old man vying to give everyone free college among other things (Blake, 2016). On the 22nd of January, when this cartoon was published, Clinton and Sanders had just passed through Iowa fighting for their lives. However, based on different news sites, the polls differentiated. KBUR showed Clinton leading by a fairly slim margin, but CNN decided that it was in fact Sanders who was ahead (Bennett, 2016).
Sanders who has been placed in the back seat when it came to possible candidacy, is now making a push to the front. Even with loads of government experience, Bernie was at times, put aside. Hillary was the powerhouse with money, ideas and so on that she easily grasped the people’s attention. However based on a recent story by the Washington Post, it isn’t all that far-fetched that Sanders could sneak from behind and grab the win. This theme is clear in the cartoon, as the number two, Sanders, speeds past Clinton and her luggage. The road is long, and poor old Bernie could get tired, but based on the themes in the cartoon, he has enough gas in him to push onward “walking” on by Clinton.
"Clinton's Battle Station is Fully Operational"
Ethan Babcock
Publication: The Columbus Dispatch Date: 12/14/2015
Cartoonist: Nate Beeler U.S.
Title: "Dem Wars"
As the presidential primaries began in late January, the heated competition between Sanders and Clinton has only gotten more intense. In the months prior, both Hillary and Sanders had specific themes built around their election strategies. Hillary was the woman with lots of baggage based on secrets and past issues, whereas Sanders was the old man vying to give everyone free college among other things (Blake, 2016). On the 22nd of January, when this cartoon was published, Clinton and Sanders had just passed through Iowa fighting for their lives. However, based on different news sites, the polls differentiated. KBUR showed Clinton leading by a fairly slim margin, but CNN decided that it was in fact Sanders who was ahead (Bennett, 2016).
Sanders who has been placed in the back seat when it came to possible candidacy, is now making a push to the front. Even with loads of government experience, Bernie was at times, put aside. Hillary was the powerhouse with money, ideas and so on that she easily grasped the people’s attention. However based on a recent story by the Washington Post, it isn’t all that far-fetched that Sanders could sneak from behind and grab the win. This theme is clear in the cartoon, as the number two, Sanders, speeds past Clinton and her luggage. The road is long, and poor old Bernie could get tired, but based on the themes in the cartoon, he has enough gas in him to push onward “walking” on by Clinton.
"Clinton's Battle Station is Fully Operational"
Ethan Babcock
Publication: The Columbus Dispatch Date: 12/14/2015
Cartoonist: Nate Beeler U.S.
Title: "Dem Wars"
Cartoon #3
Tone of the cartoon:
1) negative framing of the issue
2) framing is opposed to supporters
3) framing is supportive of opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
Beeler’s cartoon took a popular twist in honor of Star Wars: The Force Awakens coming out. A month before caucusing begins, those running for the Democratic Party had begun their preparations. Dressed as Jar Jar Binks is O’Malley who was depicted as a goof of sorts. Next to him is the Jedi Knight known as Yoda drawn to be Bernie Sanders. This hits home on two fronts being his old age and also his wise experience and ideas. In the background a Deathstar with the Hillary “H” is visible. Before the voting began, Hillary was by far the most feared politician in the Democratic Party. She had money, experience and several big names backing her up. The Deathstar is positioned as to destroy O’Malley and Sanders much as she would like to do in the upcoming election.
Analysis and Context:
It is painfully obvious that Clinton has outrageous fire power at her disposal. Readers are primed to see O’Malley as a jokester and Sanders as an old coot. They are also primed to believe that Clinton can easily blast them off and end the election as fast as you can say “That’s no moon” (Miller, 2013). However, the priming is only part of the framing in this cartoon. Each character has a speech bubble filled with value-laden words. For example, O’malley utters nonsense in a non-realistic way. Bernie attempts to use his step by step plan to solve worldwide issues by jumping from one thing to another, all in sync with Yoda’s mannerisms, and lastly, Clinton not only states her power but the cartoonist even takes a crack at the secrets hidden behind her, most likely the emails that she has been linked to.
Dem Wars, as the cartoon is titled, is to frame the reader in becoming aware of the different candidates in the Democratic wars of sorts. O’Malley who although has attempted the unexpected of attending Muslim reunions, continues to have a “visionless campaign” (Fernholz, 2015). Clinton, behind her battle station of sorts, had a December accurate in a sense as shown in the cartoon above. Clinton in many of her debates was known “to look past her Democratic rivals” (Martin & Chozick, 2015) and focus more on Mr. Trump. It was quite obvious that she felt no need to attack those of her particular party, feeling that she already had the nomination in the bag. This part rings true in relation to the cartoon, proving that the powerhouse Clinton has far bigger birds to fry, and a quick blast from her battle station would leave her opponents in rubble.
Old man Sanders on the other hand seemed to dominate the month of December (Hanley, 2015) with several big hits in the Democratic debates. He gained momentum in New Hampshire and was working on Iowa, and from recent polls, was voted most likely to beat Trump in a one on one election. This geezer was able to do much to push back the framing and not be just some old, philosophical character, but an actual candidate. No matter how big of a gun Clinton had to his back, he fought against the discrimination and ended the year on a high note unlike the depiction of him in the Beeler’s cartoon.
"A Walker Supports Bernie, Clinton Supports Wall Street"
Ethan Babcock
Publication: Columbia Daily Tribune Date: 2/12/2016
Cartoonist: John Darkow U.S.
Title: “He Ain’t Heavy He’s My Broker
1) negative framing of the issue
2) framing is opposed to supporters
3) framing is supportive of opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
Beeler’s cartoon took a popular twist in honor of Star Wars: The Force Awakens coming out. A month before caucusing begins, those running for the Democratic Party had begun their preparations. Dressed as Jar Jar Binks is O’Malley who was depicted as a goof of sorts. Next to him is the Jedi Knight known as Yoda drawn to be Bernie Sanders. This hits home on two fronts being his old age and also his wise experience and ideas. In the background a Deathstar with the Hillary “H” is visible. Before the voting began, Hillary was by far the most feared politician in the Democratic Party. She had money, experience and several big names backing her up. The Deathstar is positioned as to destroy O’Malley and Sanders much as she would like to do in the upcoming election.
Analysis and Context:
It is painfully obvious that Clinton has outrageous fire power at her disposal. Readers are primed to see O’Malley as a jokester and Sanders as an old coot. They are also primed to believe that Clinton can easily blast them off and end the election as fast as you can say “That’s no moon” (Miller, 2013). However, the priming is only part of the framing in this cartoon. Each character has a speech bubble filled with value-laden words. For example, O’malley utters nonsense in a non-realistic way. Bernie attempts to use his step by step plan to solve worldwide issues by jumping from one thing to another, all in sync with Yoda’s mannerisms, and lastly, Clinton not only states her power but the cartoonist even takes a crack at the secrets hidden behind her, most likely the emails that she has been linked to.
Dem Wars, as the cartoon is titled, is to frame the reader in becoming aware of the different candidates in the Democratic wars of sorts. O’Malley who although has attempted the unexpected of attending Muslim reunions, continues to have a “visionless campaign” (Fernholz, 2015). Clinton, behind her battle station of sorts, had a December accurate in a sense as shown in the cartoon above. Clinton in many of her debates was known “to look past her Democratic rivals” (Martin & Chozick, 2015) and focus more on Mr. Trump. It was quite obvious that she felt no need to attack those of her particular party, feeling that she already had the nomination in the bag. This part rings true in relation to the cartoon, proving that the powerhouse Clinton has far bigger birds to fry, and a quick blast from her battle station would leave her opponents in rubble.
Old man Sanders on the other hand seemed to dominate the month of December (Hanley, 2015) with several big hits in the Democratic debates. He gained momentum in New Hampshire and was working on Iowa, and from recent polls, was voted most likely to beat Trump in a one on one election. This geezer was able to do much to push back the framing and not be just some old, philosophical character, but an actual candidate. No matter how big of a gun Clinton had to his back, he fought against the discrimination and ended the year on a high note unlike the depiction of him in the Beeler’s cartoon.
"A Walker Supports Bernie, Clinton Supports Wall Street"
Ethan Babcock
Publication: Columbia Daily Tribune Date: 2/12/2016
Cartoonist: John Darkow U.S.
Title: “He Ain’t Heavy He’s My Broker
Cartoon #4
Tone of the cartoon:
1) positive framing of the issue
2) framing is supportive to supporters
3) framing is opposed to opponents
What action is taking place in this cartoon?
In this cartoon, Bernie and Clinton are continuing the race for the Democratic Party nomination. However they both have different means for moving along. Hillary is struggling to keep pace with Sanders due to a huge person on her back with the title “Wall Street” etched on his suit pant. Bernie on the other hand, is fighting the label of being an old man by cruising about with his walker for support screaming “Free stuff!” Quite frequently, Sanders gets discriminated for his age. The walker is a symbol of his age and by what means he is able to get around. However other symbolism targets Hillary with the seeminglessly endless issues with Wall Street literally and figuratively on her back. She is questioning why is it that she cannot catch Sanders, and the viewer is primed to believe that it is due to her past issues and hassles.
Analysis and Context:
Bernie Sanders is an older man. That much is clear. However this cartoon frames him as capable to move on regardless of the themes that surround him. As Sanders rolls about, he is screaming “Free Stuff!” which puts another frame over him. What he’s screaming are value-laden words that work to get the readers to agree with what he is saying. But if that wasn’t enough to think Bernie is the candidate for you, Darkow also drops another framing aspect in Hillary close behind Bernie. The viewer is primed to think Hillary has way too much on her shoulders to handle such a job as being President. Her past follows her everywhere she goes. She speaks to herself and possibly Mr. Wall Street hanging on her shoulders, wondering why she cannot catch Senator Sanders. It is plain to see that one has support, even if it is just a walker; and the other not only doesn’t have support but is carrying a heavy load.
Since starting his run for nominee, Sanders has faced several issues, one being exactly what is found in this comic, the issue of “Free stuff” (Johnson, 2016). If Bernie were to give out everything he has promised for free, it would cost billions even trillions of dollars, although most people don’t pay attention to that tiny detail. It is easy to see how the old man with a walker can cruise ahead of struggling Clinton based on value-laden words. Who wouldn’t vote for free stuff? Whereas Hillary has become consumed by a fat man on top of her. Bernie has stated that what’s most important is for people to fight back together, but the idea of free stuff seems to be running his campaign.
But let us not forget about the elephant in the room, or I suppose more like the woman carrying an elephant sized man in the room. According to the Huffington Post, Clinton has had to speak over her fees and campaign contributions regarding Wall Street in nearly every speech, debate or interview (Miller, 2016). The people noticed this issue and exploited it. So in the cartoon when she asks why she cannot catch the old man on a walker, her issues with Wall Street become quite apparent.
It’s hard not to notice the issues that the candidates have going against them. And however well, Darkow drew out Bernie scampering away in first place, it’s interesting enough to point out his flaw as well with all the free stuff being promised. Hillary can barely stand without being crushed and thus as well as Sanders, has some hurdles to jump over. At quick glance, this cartoon could be pro Bernie, but upon reading and researching, it could be left unsaid to who is in the lead.
Bibliography
Bennett, A. (2016, January 22). Democratic Polls for Jan. 22: State of the Race in Iowa & New Hampshire. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://heavy.com/news/2016/01/democratic-polls-for-jan-22-state-of-the-race-in-iowa-new-hampshire/
Blake, A. (2016, February 9). Hillary Clinton just lost New Hampshire. Don’t assume she’ll win the next state, either. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/02/09/things-could-get-worse-before-they-get-better-for-clinton-post-new-hampshire/
Cagle, D. (2016, January 2016). Bernie Sanders Pulls Ahead of Hillary. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={EE3EA5A2-E312-4611-A06D-B61563EAC791}
Darkow, J. (2016, February 12). He Ain’t Heavy He’s My Broker. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={0740ED26-888F-42B1-B8CA-D045729B035A}
Fernholz, T. (2015, December 11). Martin O’Malley is the first 2016 presidential candidate to literally stand with Muslims. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://qz.com/572025/martin-omalley-is-the-first-2016-presidential-candidate-to-literally-stand-with-muslims/
Granlund, D. (2016, March 9). Bernie 2016 and Polls. Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.caglecartoons.com/viewimage.asp?ID={9793BF36-C58F-4384-9C7B-A5C3E5FFC1E6}
Hanley, B. (2015, December 21). 10 Ways Bernie Sanders Dominated in December. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brian-hanley/10-ways-bernie-sanders-do_b_8850824.html
Healy, P., & Chozick, A. (2016, March 09). In Democratic Debate, Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders Clash on Immigration. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/10/us/politics/democratic-debate.html?_r=0
Johnson, D. (2016, February 12). Is Bernie Sanders Promising 'Free Stuff' to Buy Votes? Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dave-johnson/is-bernie-sanders-promisi_b_9222644.html
Livio, S. K. (2016, March 6). Poll: Who won the CNN Democratic presidential debate (3/6/16)? How did Clinton, Sanders do? Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/03/poll_who_won_the_democratic_presidential_debate_36.html
Martin, J., & Chozick, A. (2015, December 19). In Democratic Debate, Hillary Clinton’s Focus Is on G.O.P. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/20/us/politics/democratic-debate.html
Miller, L. (2016, February 29). Elizabeth Warren Highlights Key Weakness in Clinton's Wall Street Donation Defense. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/liam-miller/elizabeth-warren-hillary-clinton_b_9346302.html
Miller, O. (2013, March 12). 100 Quotes From ‘Star Wars,’ In Order Of Awesomeness. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from http://thoughtcatalog.com/oliver-miller/2013/03/100-quotes-from-star-wars-in-order-of-awesomeness/
Tinker, B. (2015, October 13). How old is too old to be president? Retrieved March 20, 2016, from http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/health/presidential-age-too-old/
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